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## Problem Solving Strategy: Have hammer, seeking nails.

In yesterday’s post, I shared some mistakes that I made while working on this problem:

There were some good questions and thoughts in the comments. A few people wanted to know why I added 15 and 333 to get 348 in my second solution to the problem:

I’m also really curious about is “1+2+3+4+5=15″. – Nathan Kraft

Not 100% sure where the 15 comes from. – Mr. T

Allow me to explain where that 15 comes from.

When I started the problem, my first thought was 333. I wanted to know how many 3’s would be in the prime factorization of 1000!, and I figured that I’d just count all the multiples of 3.  I entered that without much further thought, and when I saw that it was wrong I realized that the other powers of 3 matter as well. In other words, I realized that I had to consider 3^2, 3^3, 3^4, 3^5, and 3^6.  As so many of you pointed out, handling this realization is the key to solving the problem.

Then — and I think that this is the important psychological piece — I tried to figure out a way to use that insight in the problem. I didn’t try to think through the problem again with that insight. I didn’t think of the implications of that insight, or try to count everything. Rather, I was trying to find a use for the new insight that I had discovered.

I realized that if you have 3^2 as a factor of 1000!, that’s also going to be a multiple of 3, so it’s only going to be adding 1 factor of 3. Likewise, 3^6 (the largest power of 3 to divide 1000!) is only going to be adding 5 factors of 3. So, realizing that I needed to account for everything up to 3^6, I simply added the extra powers of 3 that 9, 27, 81, 243 and 729 would be contributing.

That’s where 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 comes from.

When this turned out to be wrong, for a moment I felt surprise. After all, hadn’t I used the insight? Once I got over myself, it didn’t take very long to get the right answer and realize where I had gone wrong.

Anyway, the point of this all is that in the midst of problem solving, sometimes I seek a way to use an insight rather than use that insight to rethink the problem. Using that insight gives me a feeling of satisfaction and a sense of completeness with the problem.

In yesterday’s comments, a few of you offered strategies for helping me through this:

I think I would ask you about your first strategy (solving a simpler problem) and ask you to explain what you noticed. – Laurel Pollard

I suppose I would push the student to specifically tell me where 3^333 and 3^15 come from? Which integers does 3^15 represent? Are we sure we didn’t miss something? – Nathan Kraft

A quick way to point out this mistake is to simply start with your list above of the first ten integers and see that the 9 creates 2, not 3, instances of a 3 as a factor. – mrdardy

But, honestly guys, anything that would’ve slowed down my thinking and encouraged me to think through the problem (rather than find a nail for my hammer) would’ve helped me get to the right answer.

I think it’s also worth considering what exactly we ought to be concerned about with a mistake like mine. My wrong answer contained the idea that would turn out to be crucial for solving the problem. I understood exponents. I understood factors. Really, the concern that we ought to have is that I’d make a similar sort of mistake when I solve the next problem — rush to use an insight rather than think through its place carefully. But what sort of feedback can a teacher give to help ensure that I am more careful in the future?

Maybe the best thing that a teacher could do would be to give me an opportunity to reflect on interesting questions. Maybe, instead of asking students for revisions or corrections, we should ask them for reflections on parts of their work that interest us, or pique our curiosity.

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## Is there a mistake here?

(1) Is there a mistake here? (2) If so, what makes it an especially available mistake, one that’s fairly easy to make and not notice?

Thanks to Robert Kaplinsky for the submission.

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How would you help Alberta with population growth?

Many thanks to Evelyn Lamb for the tip! Many thanks to @MathUpdate for sharing the image!

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## Ticket Booths and Arithmetic

Is there a math mistake here? If so, speculate (wildly) on how it happened.

Thanks to Robert Kaplinsky for the submission!

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## A Contest!

Marshall Thompson is offering a substantial bounty for the correct explanation for this mistake. (He knows the truth from talking to the student.)

Who’s got it?

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## Found: Multiplication Worksheet

My hands were full of groceries as I walked back from the store. I noticed this math worksheet in Spanish on the side of the street, and I brought it home.

Anyway, are there mistakes here? Do they reflect on the student’s understanding, or is her understanding fine? Does this student need help?

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## Multiplying fractions

In case you’re having trouble reading the kid’s work, and because the top of the question is cut off, I’m going to reproduce the problem in text below the image:

Question: What is the product of $\frac{x^2-1}{x+1}$ and $\frac{x+3}{3x+3}$?

Answer: $\frac{3x^2-3}{3x+3}*\frac{x+3}{3x-3}$

$\frac{3x^2+9}{9x+9} \rightarrow \frac{1x^2+3}{3x+3}$

The usual: What does he know, what doesn’t he know, and what would you do next?

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## From complex roots to a quadratic equation

How did this student end up with the answer he did?  What does it seem that he knows about complex numbers?

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## Rate of change

What’s the mistake? How would you help?

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## Mistake Hall of Fame: Cena

Cena, wherever she is these days, deserves a medal. This video is a classic.

Here we get to see how the teacher followed up with the student, so let’s tackle these questions:

1. What can we say that Cena does know?
2. What is going through her head as she answers these questions? Where does she go wrong?
3. What are the teacher’s moves in this clip? What is her strategy for uncovering the student’s errors?