Below are the same responses from every member of a class to the same question.
What seem to be the most common issues? If you graded these quizzes on Sunday, what would Monday’s lesson plan look like?
Category: High School: Algebra
What’s the quickest way to help this student?
Thanks to Triangleman for another excellent submission.
(Also, did I get the categorization right on this one?)
I want to share a theory on this mistake:
The student had an association between negative exponents and reciprocals and “half-powers” and square roots. As the student was parsing the problem he “fulfilled his obligation” to use that association on the number. I guess what I’m positing is that the mind works by making a connection, and then remaining in tension until that connection is used in a problem. (I’ve often had the experience of feeling as if there’s an insight that I haven’t used yet in solving a problem, and it’s like having a small weight on my back.) The mind comes to relief at the moment that the insight is used.
The student’s mind made the connection between negative powers and reciprocals and was in tension. He then used this insight at the first opportunity he saw, to relieve himself from the burden of his insight.
Some of you might disagree. For instance, you might think that the student had just memorized some rule poorly, had no conceptual understanding of powers, and gave the answer that he did.
But I think that the answer felt right because he used the fact that he knew. I’d predict that this student would be able to answer 
If you think that the student just memorized a rule, is there any reason to think that a student would get a question such as
Here are 7 mistakes. There represent all of the variety of mistakes from a selection of 36 students. The first two mistakes were repeated by several students, but the last 5 were unique in the sample.
Which of these mistakes would you predict? Which ones surprise you? Can you make sense of them all?
Comment on anything, but note the parentheses.
What’s going on in this (reconstructed) student work? Tell a story in the comments.
And then go thank Christopher Danielson for sharing this stuff.
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